The performance and functionality of intelligent vehicles heavily depend on the efficient and accurate operation of their electronic control systems. To enhance the system's response speed, control accuracy, stability, and energy efficiency, in order to meet the increasingly complex demands of driving scenarios, it is necessary to continuously optimize its operational mechanisms. Mathematical algorithms play a crucial role in processing sensor signals, optimizing control instruction generation, and coordinating the actions of execution mechanisms. Therefore, this paper will explore the pathways for optimizing the intelligent vehicle electronic control systems using advanced mathematical algorithms, aiming to provide a more solid foundation for the development and practical application of intelligent automotive technology.