The design and optimization of the Battery Management System for electric vehicles（EVs）are crucial for ensuring the performance，safety，and lifespan of EV power batteries. The BMS enhances the overall efficiency and safety of EVs by real-time monitoring and controlling the battery's state. This study provides a detailed discussion on the design elements of the BMS，including hardware design，software control strategies，safety protection measures，and performance optimization strategies. Furthermore，it proposes optimization methods for both hardware and software，as well as improvement measures for thermal management and system integration to enhance the performance and reliability of the BMS. The effectiveness of the optimization strategies is verified through comprehensive performance testing and evaluation，offering theoretical and practical support for the design and development of EV battery management systems.