The global new energy vehicle industry is developing rapidly, but the shortage of lithium resources and the rising prices have restricted its sustainable development process. Sodium resources are abundant, low-cost and have good low-temperature performance. Sodium-ion batteries have become an important alternative solution. Studying the optimization of electrode materials and performance matching of sodium-ion batteries is of great significance for promoting breakthroughs in the industry. This article analyzes the advantages of sodium-ion batteries in the application of new energy vehicles, and then conducts an analysis from aspects such as electrode material optimization and performance matching.Sodium-ion batteries have the characteristics of abundant resources, low cost, good low-temperature performance and high safety, and have unique competitiveness in new energy vehicles. After optimizing the structure of the positive electrode material, the composite of the negative electrode material, and the matching of the electrolyte system, the performance of the battery has been improved. According to the characteristics of the operating conditions of new energy vehicles, such as power demand, range requirements, and low-temperature adaptability, sodium-ion batteries have good compatibility in terms of energy density, cycle life, and low-temperature performance. The optimization of electrode materials and system matching are the keys to promoting the large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries in the field of new energy vehicles.The research aims to enhance the application value of sodium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles.