As new energy vehicle power batteries evolve toward higher energy density and high-rate fast charging capabilities, thermal accumulation within the limited space of battery modules has become a critical bottleneck affecting vehicle safety and lifespan. To address thermal runaway risks under extreme operating conditions and excessive cell temperature differentials, this study analyzes the thermal conduction mechanisms and component selection-including thermal interface materials, liquid cooling plates, and flow channel structures-based on the thermal characteristics of ternary lithium battery modules. A coupled heat transfer model linking the battery module and cooling components was established. CFD simulation technology was employed to compare the impact of different flow channel topologies on cooling efficiency and to investigate the relationship between thermal pad thickness and contact thermal resistance. Simulation analysis demonstrated that an optimized serpentine microchannel liquid cooling plate could reduce the module's maximum temperature by approximately 10.1% and control the maximum temperature difference between individual cells within 3.5 ℃ . Simultaneously, low-thermal-resistance, high-conformability interface materials eliminate local hotspots.