The cooling structure of the power battery in new energy vehicles is crucial for ensuring that the battery maintains an appropriate working temperature under various working conditions. An efficient cooling system not only helps to extend battery life but also enhances the safety and performance of the vehicle. The influence of cooling technology on power batteries, the development of battery cooling technology and the design requirements of power battery cooling structures were analyzed. In response to the technical deficiencies in the existing cooling structure, a new type of cooling structure for the power battery of new energy vehicles has been designed and developed, which solves the problem that two sets of filter screen assemblies need to be driven in sequence during the vibration cleaning of the power battery, resulting in low cleaning efficiency of the filter screen assemblies, and improves the cooling efficiency.