随着新能源汽车快速普及，智能充电桩的能效水平直接影响电网稳定性与运营成本。本文通过构建能效分析框架，深入研究电气系统结构与能量传输机制，精准识别关键损耗环节，量化分析充电负荷对电网的影响。试验结果显示：10kV 直接供电方式可使能效提升 2.3%；峰谷电价调控能降低电费成本 28%；配电拓扑优化使线路损耗减少 18%；通信系统节能措施可降低通信模块能耗 48%。综合优化方案最终实现 28.4% 的节能率，为充电基础设施建设提供理论依据与技术支撑，对推动新能源汽车产业可持续发展和“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。

With the rapid popularization of new energy vehicles, the energy efficiency level of smart charging piles directly affects the stability of the power grid and operating costs. This paper constructs an energy efficiency analysis framework, conducts in-depth research on the structure of the electrical system and the energy transmission mechanism, accurately identifies key loss links, and quantitatively analyzes the impact of charging loads on the power grid. The test results show that the 10kV direct power supply mode can increase energy efficiency by 2.3%. Peak-valley electricity price regulation can reduce electricity costs by 28%. Distribution topology optimization reduces line losses by 18%. Energy-saving measures for communication systems can reduce communication module energy consumption by 48%. The comprehensive optimization plan ultimately achieved an energy-saving rate of 28.4%, providing theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of charging infrastructure. It is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the new energy vehicle industry and the realization of the "dual carbon" goals.