当前汽车智能化升级中，传统分布式电子电气架构因算力不足、信息传输难以实时进行、安全性不达标，无法满足自动驾驶需求。当前智能汽车架构通过中央计算与区域控制融合，结合异构计算单元与安全系统形成“车载大脑”，为自动驾驶落地提供支撑。文章研究智能汽车计算平台技术要点与核心器件，明确架构设计、通信技术、功能安全与能效优化三大技术方向，剖析异构计算芯片组及关键辅助器件应用特性，为平台性能提升与产业应用提供参考。

In the current intelligent upgrade of automobiles, the traditional distributed electronic and electrical architecture fails to meet the requirements of autonomous driving due to insufficient computing power, difficulty in real-time information transmission, and non-compliance with security standards. The current intelligent vehicle architecture, through the integration of central computing and regional control, combines heterogeneous computing units and security systems to form an "in-vehicle brain", providing support for the implementation of autonomous driving. This article studies the key points and core components of the intelligent vehicle computing platform technology, clarifies the three major technical directions of architecture design, communication technology, functional safety and energy efficiency optimization, analyzes the application characteristics of heterogeneous computing chipsets and key auxiliary devices, and provides references for the improvement of platform performance and industrial application.