随着全球能源转型与“双碳”战略的推进，电动汽车充电技术的优化成为新能源汽车产业发展的核心问题之一。文章针对传统充电系统依赖微控制单元和电源管理芯片导致的复杂度高、成本昂贵等问题，设计一种基于分压电路、多级比较器及 RS 触发器的硬件控制架构，旨在实现充电过程的能量均衡与稳定性。通过动态阈值调节机制与双稳态触发器的容错设计，系统能够在无软件依赖条件下完成多级电压检测与充电模式切换，降低硬件成本 50% 以上。研究结果表明，该设计在分压精度（±1%）、比较器响应时间（<1ms）及抗干扰能力方面均满足设计要求，为充电基础设施的普及与安全性提升提供技术支撑。

With the global energy transition and the promotion of the "dual carbon" strategy，the optimization of electric vehicle charging technology has become one of the core issues in the development of the new energy vehicle industry. This paper proposes a hardware control architecture based on a voltage divider circuit，multi-stage comparator，and RS flip-flop to address the high complexity and high cost of traditional charging systems that rely on microcontrollers and power management chips. The aim is to achieve energy balance and stability during the charging process. Through the dynamic threshold adjustment mechanism and fault-tolerant design of bistable triggers，the system can complete multilevel voltage detection and charging mode switching without software dependency，reducing hardware costs by more than 50%. Experimental verification shows that the design meets the design requirements in terms of voltage division accuracy（±1%），comparator response time（<1ms），and anti-interference ability，providing technical support for the popularization and safety improvement of charging infrastructure.