微积分可精准描述车辆能耗随工况的连续变化，多目标优化算法能在续航、性能等冲突目标间实现平衡。本文聚焦电动汽车能耗预测与节能控制，阐述其核心诉求，从动态预测建模、节能控制策略、全场景落地实施三个方面提出技术路径，指出未来能耗管理将向“预判式节能”“个性化优化”方向演进。

Calculus can precisely describe the continuous changes in vehicle energy consumption with operating conditions, and multi-objective optimization algorithms can strike a balance among conflicting objectives, such as range and performance. This article focuses on the energy consumption prediction and energy-saving control of electric vehicles,elaborates on their core demands, and proposes technical paths from three aspects: dynamic prediction modeling, energy-saving control strategies, and full-scenario implementation. It points out that future energy consumption management will evolve towards "predictive energy conservation" and "personalized optimization".