针对传统新能源汽车电池管理系统在监测精度、热管理性能、能量均衡效率及运行可靠性等方面的技术瓶颈，本文开展多目标优化设计。通过构建精准监测体系、开发风冷 - 液冷耦合热管理系统、优化双向 DC/DC 能量均衡技术及模块化冗余架构，结合仿真分析与实车测试对优化效果进行验证。结果表明：优化后BMS 故障诊断准确率提升至 95.3%，电池最高温度降低 15.2℃，能量均衡效率提升 41.6%，系统通信误码率降至 10-6 以下，运行可靠性提升 23%。研究成果通过 ISO 26262 功能安全认证，可为 BMS 技术升级提供理论与实践支撑，具备产业化推广条件。

Aiming at the technical bottlenecks of traditional new energy vehicle battery management systems (BMS) in terms of monitoring accuracy, thermal management performance, energy balancing efficiency and operational reliability, this paper conducts multi-objective optimization design. By building a precise monitoring system, developing an air-cooled-liquid-cooled coupled thermal management system, optimizing the bidirectional DC/DC energy balancing technology and modular redundant architecture, and combining simulation analysis and real vehicle testing to verify the optimization effect. The results show that after optimization, the fault diagnosis accuracy of BMS has increased to 95.3%,the maximum battery temperature has decreased by 15.2 ℃ , the energy balancing efficiency has increased by 41.6%, the system communication bit error rate has decreased to below 10-6, and the operational reliability has increased by 23%.The research results have passed the ISO 26262 functional safety certification, which can provide theoretical and practical support for the technological upgrade of BMS and meet the conditions for industrial promotion.