在全球新能源汽车产业高速发展的背景下，锂资源短缺与价格上涨问题严重制约了行业的可持续发展。钠离子电池因钠资源储量丰富、成本低廉、低温性能优异及安全性高等突出优势，成为锂离子电池的重要替代方案。研究钠离子电池的电极材料优化及性能匹配性，对推动新能源汽车产业突破资源瓶颈具有重要意义。本文系统分析钠离子电池在新能源汽车中的应用优势，深入探讨了电极材料优化路径与性能匹配性特性。研究表明，通过正极材料结构调控、负极材料复合化及电解液体系适配等优化措施后，钠离子电池的能量密度、循环寿命等核心性能显著提升；结合新能源汽车的动力需求、续航要求及低温适应性等工况特点，钠离子电池在能量密度、循环寿命、低温性能等方面与新能源汽车具有良好的匹配性。电极材料优化与系统性能匹配是推动钠离子电池在新能源汽车领域规模化应用的关键，本研究旨在为钠离子电池在新能源汽车中的广泛应用提供技术参考与理论支撑。

The global new energy vehicle industry is developing rapidly, but the shortage of lithium resources and the rising prices have restricted its sustainable development process. Sodium resources are abundant, low-cost and have good low-temperature performance. Sodium-ion batteries have become an important alternative solution. Studying the optimization of electrode materials and performance matching of sodium-ion batteries is of great significance for promoting breakthroughs in the industry. This article analyzes the advantages of sodium-ion batteries in the application of new energy vehicles, and then conducts an analysis from aspects such as electrode material optimization and performance matching.Sodium-ion batteries have the characteristics of abundant resources, low cost, good low-temperature performance and high safety, and have unique competitiveness in new energy vehicles. After optimizing the structure of the positive electrode material, the composite of the negative electrode material, and the matching of the electrolyte system, the performance of the battery has been improved. According to the characteristics of the operating conditions of new energy vehicles, such as power demand, range requirements, and low-temperature adaptability, sodium-ion batteries have good compatibility in terms of energy density, cycle life, and low-temperature performance. The optimization of electrode materials and system matching are the keys to promoting the large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries in the field of new energy vehicles.The research aims to enhance the application value of sodium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles.