随着新能源汽车保有量的持续增长，动力电池已大规模进入在用阶段，但其性能衰退与安全风险问题在实际运行和检测工作中日益凸显。在长期服役过程中，动力电池容量下降、内阻上升及一致性劣化等特征不仅影响使用性能，也会对热稳定性和安全边界产生直接影响。然而，当前动力电池维护和管理环节中仍以容量衰减为主要退役判据，该单一指标难以真实反映电池的安全状态，存在一定局限性。基于在用动力电池检测与评估工作的实际需求，本文从应用角度出发，结合电池老化机理与典型安全失效模式，对影响在用动力电池安全性能的关键因素进行分析，并在此基础上构建涵盖电性能与安全性能的双维度综合测试与评估思路。相关研究可为在用动力电池安全管理及退役判定技术规范的完善提供参考。

With the continuous growth of new energy vehicle ownership, power batteries have massively entered the in-use phase. However, issues related to their performance degradation and safety risks are becoming increasingly prominent in actual operation and testing work. During long-term service, characteristics of power batteries such as capacity decline, increased internal resistance, and deterioration of consistency not only affect usage performance but also directly impact thermal stability and safety boundaries. Nevertheless, current power battery maintenance and management practices still primarily use capacity degradation as the main retirement criterion. This single indicator has limitations in accurately reflecting the actual safety status of batteries. Based on practical needs for testing and evaluation of in-use power batteries, this paper analyzes key factors affecting the safety performance of in-use power batteries from an application perspective, incorporating battery aging mechanisms and typical safety failure modes. Building on this analysis, it proposes a dual-dimensional comprehensive testing and evaluation framework covering both electrical performance and safety performance. The relevant research can provide reference for improving safety management of in-use power batteries and refining technical specifications for retirement determination.