摘要
新能源汽车用锂电池的寿命衰减与材料结构、界面稳定性、热力学环境及运行工况高度相关，其性能保持能力直接影响车辆续航、安全及全生命周期成本。文章围绕极片力化学衰减、析锂副反应扩展、热场梯度应力、过高电压引发的界面老化、高倍率快充造成的循环损耗等关键技术链条，建立寿命影响机理的系统分析框架。在此基础上，从极片结构增强、界面调控、热控均衡、电压窗口管理、动态充电控制五个方面提出工程化延寿方案，为动力电池安全可靠运行及长寿命体系建立提供可操作的技术途径。
Abstract
The service life attenuation of lithium batteries for new energy vehicles is highly correlated with the material structure, interfacial stability, thermodynamic environment, and operating conditions. Its performance retention capability directly affects the vehicle range, safety, and full life cycle cost. Focusing on the key technical chains such as electrode force-chemical attenuation, lithium plating side reaction expansion, thermal field gradient stress, interface aging caused by excessive voltage, and cyclic loss caused by high-rate fast charging, this paper establishes a systematic analysis framework for the life-impact mechanisms. On this basis, engineering solutions for life extension are proposed from five aspects: electrode structure enhancement, interface regulation, thermal control equilibrium, voltage window management, and dynamic charging control. This provides an operable technical path for the safe and reliable operation of power batteries and the establishment of a long-life system.
关键词
锂电池 /
寿命衰减 /
动力电池 /
界面稳定 /
热管理 /
充电策略
Key words
lithium-ion battery /
life decay /
power battery /
interfacial stability /
thermal management /
charging strategy
廖厚旭.
新能源汽车锂电池寿命影响因素及延长策略探究[J]. 汽车电器. 2026, 1(2): 20-22
Liao Houxu.
Study on Influencing Factors and Extension Strategies of Lithium Battery Life in New Energy Vehicles[J]. AUTO ELECTRIC PARTS. 2026, 1(2): 20-22
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参考文献
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