针对电动汽车动力电池组长时间充放电时，由于单体生产工艺、使用环境等造成的一致性降低，进而影响电池容量、寿命并带来安全问题的情况，文章设计了一种利用单片机配合开关矩阵实现主被动混合式的电池均衡控制系统。本系统集成主被动均衡的优势，以开关矩阵为主、控制器为核心的方式构建起来，并且实现均衡策略的自动执行。组内单体不一致时，采用被动均衡降低能耗，组间能量差异大时用主动均衡提高速度，两种方式互不影响，可以同时使用，具有较好的工程应用价值。

To address the degradation of battery cell consistency during prolonged charging/discharging cycles in electric vehicle power battery packs-caused by variations in manufacturing processes and operating environments-which adversely affects battery capacity, lifespan, and safety, this study proposes a hybrid active-passive battery balancing control system. The system integrates the advantages of both approaches, employing a switch matrix as the primary component and a controller as the core, while enabling automatic execution of balancing strategies. When cell inconsistencies occur within a battery pack, passive balancing is applied to reduce energy consumption. For significant inter-pack energy disparities, active balancing is employed to accelerate the process. These two methods operate independently and can be used simultaneously, demonstrating strong practical engineering value.