在新能源汽车产业快速发展的背景下，汽车电力系统与充电安全已经成为行业研究的重点内容。文章从新能源汽车电气与充电安全性能检测目的出发，分析新能源汽车高压电气系统绝缘失效、热失控以及充电接口故障的风险。本文从整车高压互锁、绝缘电阻监测、动力电池热管理、充电通信协议一致性及充电桩接地可靠性等方面解析相应的关键安全检测技术。

With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the automotive power system and charging safety have become the focus of industry research. Starting from the purpose of testing the electrical and charging safety performance of new energy vehicles, this article analyzes the risks of insulation failure, thermal runaway, and charging interface faults in high-voltage electrical systems of new energy vehicles. And the corresponding key safety detection technologies were analyzed from the aspects of vehicle high-voltage interlock, insulation resistance monitoring, power battery thermal management, charging communication protocol consistency, and charging pile grounding reliability.