在高倍率工况下，动力电池热失控风险加大，凸显了热管理结构设计的作用。目前液冷系统流阻较大、箱体轻量化设计受制于整车安全要求。文章通过流道重构和流体动力学分析得到流道最优方案，采用迭代性拓扑优化的方法对微通道进行定向优化，并用复合材料代替金属构件来突破减重瓶颈。仿真结果表明，重新设计的机械结构在降低功耗的同时提高了流场均温性、力学刚度，为电池防护提供了一种可靠的工程范式。

Under high-rate operating conditions, the risk of thermal runaway in power batteries increases, highlighting the critical role of thermal management structural design. Current liquid cooling systems suffer from high flow resistance, while lightweight battery enclosures face constraints due to vehicle safety requirements. This paper achieves optimal flow channels through channel reconstruction and fluid dynamics analysis. Iterative topology optimization is applied to directionally optimize microchannels, while composite materials replace metal components to overcome weight reduction limitations. Simulation results demonstrate that the redesigned mechanical structure reduces power consumption while enhancing flow field temperature uniformity and mechanical stiffness, providing a reliable engineering paradigm for battery protection.