为提升车用燃料电池 / 锂电池混合动力系统的燃料经济性，解决传统等效氢耗策略仅侧重氢耗优化、忽视锂电池电压稳定及易出现荷电状态（State of Charge，SOC）漂移的问题，本文提出一种引入电压平衡因子的改进型等效氢耗能量管理方法。首先建立燃料电池二次拟合氢耗模型与锂电池 Rint 等效氢耗模型，再通过电压平衡因子修正总等效氢耗函数，内置电压闭环调节机制，将 SOC 稳定控制转化为目标函数权重自适应调整；通过凸函数极值求解，推导燃料电池最优输出功率闭式解，实现两子系统最优功率分配。基于MATLAB 结合公交实际工况进行仿真验证，结果表明：该方法可使燃料电池稳定承担基础负荷、锂电池动态响应功率波动，运行周期总氢耗为 1732.29 g，锂电池电压稳定维持在 670 V 附近，有效降低氢耗、提升系统运行可靠性与耐久性。

To enhance the fuel economy of vehicle fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid power systems and address the issue that traditional equivalent hydrogen consumption strategies only focus on optimizing hydrogen consumption while neglecting the voltage stability of lithium batteries and the potential drift of State of Charge (SOC), this paper proposes an improved equivalent hydrogen consumption energy management method that incorporates a voltage balance factor. Firstly, a secondary fitting hydrogen consumption model for the fuel cell and an Rint equivalent hydrogen consumption model for the lithium battery are established. Then, the total equivalent hydrogen consumption function is corrected using the voltage balance factor, and a voltage closed-loop regulation mechanism is integrated to convert the SOC drift into adaptive adjustment of the target function weight. The optimal output power of the fuel cell is derived through convex function extremum solution, achieving optimal power allocation for the two subsystems. Simulation verification was conducted using MATLAB combined with actual bus operation conditions. The results show that this method enables the fuel cell to stably undertake the base load and the lithium battery to dynamically respond to power fluctuations. The total hydrogen consumption during the operation cycle is 1732.29 g, and the voltage of the lithium battery remains stable at around 670 V, effectively reducing hydrogen consumption and improving the reliability and durability of the system.